Who was al-Sadiq (AS) ?

[صدى المهدي]

Indeed, the writer should give a general idea about the person whom he writes about before he goes deeper into his writing so the reader does not misunderstand such a person when he reads each chapter of his life.



Here I would like to mention a group of the viewpoints of the religious scholars concerning Ja’far al- Sadiq, peace be on him, because such viewpoints express the ideas of generations about this great figure. They are as follows:

In (the book) MTzân Al- I’tidal (1:192), mentioning the Imam, al-Dhahahbi’ [1] said:” Ja’far b. Mohammed b. ‘Ali b. al- Husayn al- Hâshmy Abü Abd Allah s of the great Imams. (He s) righteous, tthful, and of great importance.”

In (the book) TahdhTb Al- Asma’ Al- Lughât (1:149-150), al-Nawy [2] said: Mohammed b. Ishâq, Yahya al- Ansâry, Mâlik, the two Sufyanis, b. JarTh, Shu’ba, Yahyâ al- Qattan, and the like reported from him.They agreed on his Lmamate, his greatness, and his supremacy. ‘Am b. Abu al- Muqdâm said:’ When I looked at Ja’far b. Mohammed, I knew that he s from the descendants of the Prophets.”’
Ibin Khulakan[3] said: “(He s) among the twelve Imams according to the doctrine of the Imamis. He s among the masters of the members of the House (ahl al Bayt). He s surnamed al- Sadiq because his speech s tthful. And his outstanding merit s more famous than to be mentioned.” He added :“ His pupil Abu Musa Jabir b. Hayyân al- Sufi al-Tartusi’[4] wrote a book of one thousand sheets having the studies of al-Sâdiq, which are five hundred studies”.

And added:” He s buried at aI-BâqI’ in the grave where his father Mohammed al- Bâqir. his grandfather Zayn al- ‘Abidin, and the uncle of his grandfather al- Hasan b. ‘Ali, peace be on them. So, what a generous and honorable grave it is!
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1.The memorizer (of the Koran) and representative of the science of Hadith, Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Mohammed b. ‘Uthman at- Dimashqy, born in 673, died in 748.
2.The memorizer (of the Koran) Abu Zakariya Muhiyy al- DTn b. Sharaf al- DTn, died 676.
3.Ahmad b. Mohammed b. Ibrahim b. Abtl Bakr, b. Khu1akan. He s born at the town of ArbTI near Mousil (in Iraq). He moved to Mousil, traveled to Elope, entered Egypt. He replaced at- Sakhâwy in judgeship. Then he became a judge in Shim for ten years. He died in Damascus in 681. His biography has been written in Tabaqat at-Shafi’iyah: 5/14, Fat al- Wafiyat: 1/55, al- Siyflty (Husin al- Muhadara): 1/267, Mu’jam at- Matb0’at: 1/98, and the like.
4.In the scientific life of al- Sadiq, we will point to his knowledge of chemistry and to Jabir’s studying under him and a part of Jabir’s life.

In (the Book) NOr al- Absar, p.13 [1], al- ShiblanjT said:” His outstanding traits were many. They are about to exceed the limit of the counter.

And the understanding of the mindful writer is bewildered at their Kinds” He added:” There is an advantage in (the book) ‘Hayat Al- Hayn Al-Kubra,” in the Book ‘Adab Al- Katib,’ bin Qutayba said:” Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq b. Mohammed al- Baqir wrote the book of al- Jafr (divination).

In it, there is all that they need of his knowledge till the Day of Judgment.” Abtl aI- ‘Ala’ (a poet) pointed to this jafr (divination) and said:

“Verily, they became astonished at the family
of Mohammed when their knowledge caine to them
written on the skin of a full grown he- goat.”
The mirror of the astrologer, though small (in size),
shows him in every populated and desolate (lands).

In his book ‘Is’af Al- Raghibin’ printed in the footnote of the book ‘Nur Al- Absâr, p.208, Mohammed al- Sabbân[2] said:” And as for Ja’far al-Sâdiq, he s a noble Imam.” He added:” His supplication s accepted. If he asked Allah for something, it s between his hands before he completed his words.”

In (the book) Laqih Al- Anwâr, al- Sha’arany[3] said:” If he (al-Sâdiq), peace be on him, s in need of a thing, he would say: ‘0 Allah, I am in need of so and so.’ That thing s put beside him before he completed his supplication.”

In his book ‘Tadhkirat Khawfls Al- Umma, p.192, Sibt b. al- Jawzy[4] said:” The biographists said:’ He s busy worshipping (Allah) instead of seeking leadership.”’

He added:” Among his noble manners is what al- Zamakhshary, in his book ‘RaM’ Al- Abrâr’, has reported from al- Shaqrany the servant of Allah’s Apostle, may Allah bless him and his family, who said: ‘Al- ‘Atta’ went out during the days of al- Mansflr and I had no intercessor, so I stood at the door with bewilderment.

Suddenly, Ja’far b. Mohammed came tords me, so I told him about my need. He entered and came out. Suddenly, my need s in his hand.
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1.(His name s) Mu’min b. Hasan Mu’min al- Masry. Shiblanj is among the villages of Egypt. He studied the sciences at at- Azhar Mosque. He s born at Najaf in 1250. His death has not been mentioned.2
2.(His name s) Mohammed b. ‘Ali al- ShIfi’r at- Hanafi. He s born in Egypt. His biography has been mentioned in (the book) Mu’jam Al- MatbO’at: 2/1194.
3.(His name s) AbtI at- Mawlhib Abd at- Wahfib b. Ahmad b. ‘Au al- Ansliry al-Shaii 1 al- Masry called al- Sha’arlny. He entered Cairo in 911 and died there. His biography has been mentioned in Mu’jam Al- Matbti’At: 1/1126.
4.(His name s) Abti Muzafar Shams al- DTn Yousif b. Quz’ ‘Ali (the famous preacher) al- HanaiY. He s born in 582 or 581, and died on Dhi al- Hijja 21st, 654.

He gave it to me and said:’ The good (thing) from anyone is good and from you is better because of your place from us and the bad thing from anyoneis bad and from you is worse because of your place from us. Indeed Ja’far said (these words) to al- ShaqrAny because he (the latter) drank wine. So, among the outstanding traits of Ja’far is that he welcomed him and met his need though he (Ja’far) s are of his behavior and preached with euphemism, and this is among the ethics of the Prophets”.

In (the book) Matâlib Al- Sa’Ul, p.81, Mohammed b. Talha’[1] said:” He (al- Sâdiq) s among the great figures of ahl al Bayt and their progeny. He had many sciences, plentiful worshipping, and continuous parts of the Koran, clear asceticism, and much recitation (of the Koran).

He understood the meanings of the Holy Koran, took out jewels from its sea, and concluded its wonders. He divided his times according to the kinds of obedience, so he punished himself for them. His face reminded (the person) of the Hereafter, listening to his words put an end to one’s desire for life, in this world, following his guidance inherits Paradise, the progeny of the prophethood, and the purity of his acts disclosed that he s among the progeny of the Prophet.

And he said:’ As for his laudable deeds and qualities, they were about to exceed the number of the counter. The understanding of the knowing (person) s perplexed at their kinds, as well as the les whose causes are not understood and the sciences whose les understanding is unable to encompass are added to him and reported from him, (that is) because of his many sciences that flew out of his heart due to the competition of piety.”’

In (the book) Al- Sa’iq. Ibin Hajar[2] said: And men reported (a lot of) sciences, and his reputation spread all over the countries.”

In Yanâbi’ Al- Mada,[3] printed in IslambUl, p.380,:” And among the Imams of ahl al Bayt s AbU Abd Allah Ja’far al- Sâdiq.” He added :“ And he s among the progeny of ahl al Bat.” And he added:” In (the Book) Tabaqât Al- Mashaykh Al- Sufiyan, Shaykh AbU ‘Abdurrahinân al-Sâlimy said:’ Ja’far al- Sâdiq overshadowed all his fellows from ahl al Bayt. He had abundant knowledge, great asceticism in the world, perfect piety in desires, and perfect good manners in wisdom.”’

In Hulyat .Al- Awliya 3:192 the memorizer (of the Koran) AbU Na ‘Tm[4] said:” And among them s the articulate Imam and the first rein Abti Abd Allah Ja’ far b. Mohammed al- Sâdiq. He devoted himself to worshipping and obediehce (to Allah), fayored isolation and submission, and prevented (men) from leadership and parties.” Then he reported his foregoing words on the authority of ‘Amrfl b. AbO Al- Muqdam.
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1.(His name s) Kama1tdin the Shafi’T. He died in 654.
2.(His name s) ShâbutdTn Alimad b. Hajar at- Haythainy. He lived in Mecca.
3.By Shaykh Sutaiman b. Ibrahim.known as Khaja KaIan. He completed the book on Ramadan, 1291.4
4.(His name s) Ahmad b. Abd Allah al- Asbihany. He died in the year 430 A.H.

And he reported from al-Hayâj b. Bastim,[1] who said:” And Ja’far b. Mohammed gave food and left nothing for his family.”

In Al- FusOl Al- Muhima, Ibin al- Sabbagh al- Mftliky[2] said:” Only he of his brothers s the caliph of his father and his tstee of authority and responsible for the Imamate after him. He excelled his group in favor. He s more famous than they and greater than they in importance. People reported from him the sciences which the passengers spread.

So, he became famous all over the countries.” At the end of his words, he said:” The deeds of Abil Abd Allah were laudable, his traits in. honor were perfect, his dignity throughout the days s nning, and the clubs of glory and honor were full of his glorious deeds.”

In Sabâ’k Al- Dhahab, p.72, al- SiwTdy[3] said:” Only he of his brothers s the caliph of his father and his tstee of authority, many sciences have been reported on his authority, and he s an Imani in tradition.” And he said:” And his good traits were many.”

In ‘Umdat Al- Talib,[4] p.1 84, :“ He s called ‘Amfld al- Sharaf (the pillar of honor), his good traits are successive among men, famous among the ShT’a and non- ShT’a, and al- Mansfir al- DawânTqy tried to kill him several times, but Allah saved him from that.”

In ‘Al- Millal Al- Nihal’, al- Shahristany[5] said:” And he had abundant knowledge of religion and literature, perfection in wisdom, strong asceticism and perfect piety in desires. He lived in Medina for a period (of time) to avail the ShT’a who followed him and teach the supporters the secrets of sciences. Then he entered Iraq and lived there for a period (of time).

He never had words with the Imamate nor did he disputed with anyone for the caliphate. ________________________________________
1.Al- TamTmy Al- Hanzaly Al- Harawy. He traveled to Iraq, heard the scholars of his time. He entered Baghdad and reported traditions in it. He died in 177. Al- KhadTb al-aaghdady wrote his biography: 14/80.
2.(His name s) Nuridin ‘Au b. Mohammed al- Sabbagh al- Maliky.
He s born in 784 and died in 855. Al- Sakhawy wrote his biography in the books ‘Al- Daw’ Al- Umi’ :5/283.
He has mentioned his shaykhs and his book ‘Al- Fusül Al- Muhima’.
3.(His name s) Mohammed Am!n al- Baghdady. The family of at- SiwTdy are among the eminent families in Baghdad till today. He s among the great figures of ahe past century. He ended his book in Shawl, 1 229(A.H.).
4.By the famous genealogist Jamllidin Ahmad b. ‘Au at- DUwtldy at- Husayny, who died in the year 828 (A.H.)
5.(His name s) AbO at- Fath Mohammed b. ANt al- Qlsim. He s a theologian jurispdent. He adopted the doctrine of al- Ash’ary, He entered Baghdad in the year 510 (A.H.), and lived in it for three years. He s born in Shahristan and died in it in the year 548. His biography has been written in At- Wafayat, Mu’jam Al- Udabl’, Tabaqfl.t Al- Sabky, Rawdlt Al- Jinan, Miftah Al- Sa’Ida,i and the like.

Whoever is drowning in the sea of knowledge does not wish for the river, and whoever goes up the peak of the tth is not afraid of him who comes down. And it is said that whoever feels Allah is in no need of men, and whoever associates with other than Allah, scple plunders him.”

In Mir’át Al- Jinân (1:304), concerning those who died in the year 148 (A.H.), al- Yâfi’y[1] said:” In it (the year 148) died the great Sayyid Imam, the descendant of the Prophet and the jewel of generosity, Abü Abd Allah Ja’far al- Sadiq.

And he s buried at at- BaqT’ in the grave where his father Mohammed al- Baqir, his grandfather Zayn al- Abidin, and the uncle of his grandfather al- Hasan b. ‘Au, may Allah be pleased with them all, (were buried). How generous that grave is! And how generous those noblemen with good traits are! He s surnamed al- Sâdiq because of his tthfulness in his saying. He had valuable speech about the sciences of monotheism (Tawhid).

And his student Jâbir b. Hayyân al- Süfy wrote a book of one thousand sheets on his studies, which are five hundred studies.”

In his Amaly, Majlis no.42, al- Sâduq [2], may his grave be fragrant, reported from Sulayman b. Dawfld al- Manqary [3] on the authority of Hafs b. Ghayyâth [4] , that if he told us about Ja’far b. Mohammed, peace be on him, he said:” The best of the Ja’farTs has told me.”
In Majlis no 32, also he reported on the authority of Mohammed b. Zyâd al- Azdy,[5] who said:” I have heard Malik b. Anas saying:’ I came to al-Sadiq Ja’far b. Mohammed, peace be on him, so he handed me pillow and respected me.
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1.(His name s) Abu Mohammed Abd Allah b. Sa’eed b. ‘Au b. Sulaiman ‘Afifutdin at- Yafi’y at- Yamflny.
He lived at the two scared sanctuaries. He died in 768 (A.H.).
2.(His name s) Mohammed b. ‘Ati b. Bâbayh al- Qmmy.
He s a great traditionalist. He wrote about three hundred valuable books. He entered Baghdad in the year 352 (A.H.). The shaykh of the sect (the ShT’a), heard from him though he s young.
He died in Ray in the year 381 (A.H.).
3.He s known as b. al- Shathktiny. He reported from at- Sadiq and his reporters. He s among the tstworthy reporters.
4.Al- Kufi At- Qady (the judge). He will be mentioned in the chapter: The Famous Reliable Reporters of al- Sadiq, peace be on him. Apparently, he s among the Sunnis.
5.He s known as b. Abu ‘Umayr. He met al- Kazim, at- Rids, and al- Jal, peace be on them. Al- RashTd imprisoned him to assume judgeship and, it s said, show hini the places of the Shi’a and the Companions of al- Kazim. It s said that he s whipped and hurt. But he did not admit. He reported the books of a hundred men of the Companions of al- Sadiq, peace be on him. He has many books. He s among those who did not report but from a reliable person. All Companions accepted his reports.

The two parties (the ShT’a and the SunnTs) have agreed on his reliance and high rank.
And it s said:” They accepted his reports because he buried his books before he s imprisoned. So he reported what he had in his mind. He died in the year 217 (A.H.).

He s not free from one of three traits- he s either fastingor praying or remembering (Allah). He s among the great worshippers and devotees who feared Allah, the Glorified and Almighty. His talks were many. His sitting s good. His advantages were many. If he said:” The Prophet of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family, said sometimes he became green and sometimes became yellow. So, whoever knew him became ignorant of him.

One year I went with him to perform the hajj. When his camel arrived at the Haram, the voice ceased in his throat whenever he tried (to say) the talbiya [a rite during the hajj by saying labbayka (here am I 0 Allah)]. He s about to fall off his camel. So, I said to him:’ Son of the Prophet of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family, you should say (labbayka Allahumma labbayka).’ So, he said:’ Son of ‘Amir, how dare I (the author) say labbayka Allahumma labbayk, and I am afraid that (Allah), the Glorified and Almighty, will say:’ Neither Iabbayk nor Sa’dayk.”

In has book Al- Manaqib fi Ahwâl Al- Sâdiq, peace be on him, b. Shahrâshüb[1] reported on the authority of Malik b. Anas, who said:” No eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no one has come into man’s mind better than Ja’far al- Sâdiq in the outstanding merit, knowledge, worship, and piety.” And in his AmSli, Majlis no. 81, aI- Sâdflq increased his words:” By Allah, if he said he s tthful.”

Also he said:” In the Musnad of Abu Hanifa,[2] Abu al- Qasim aI- BaghSr has mentioned that al- Hasan b. Ziyad said: I have heard Abu Hanifa when he s asked:’ Who is the most knowledgeable (person) you have ever seen?’ He said:’ Ja’far b. Mohammed.’ When al- Manstlr brought him, he sent for me and said:’ Abu HanTfa, indeed, men have been charmed by Ja’far b. Mohammed. So, prepare for him your most difficult questions. So, I prepared forty question for him. Then he sentfor me Abu Ja’far, who s at HTra. So, I came to him and greeted him.

He ledme to sitting and I sat down. Then he turned to said:’ Abu Abd Allah, this is Abu Hanifa.’ He said:’ Yes, I know him.’ Then he turned to me and said:’ Ask Abu Abd Allah some of your questions.’ So, I began asking him. He answered me and said:’ You say so and so, the people of Medina say so and so, and we say so and so. We may agree with your or we may agree with them or we may disagree with you and them. I asked him all the forty questions. But he did not commit a breach of them.
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1.(His name s) Mohammed b. ‘Ali al- Mazindarany RashTdildrn. He s among the Shaykhs and jurispdents of the sect (the ShT’a). He s an eloquent poet. He has many books, such as Ma’alim Al- ‘Ulama , Ansab At Abi Tâlib, Manaqib al Abi Thlib. In this book we have reported many (traditions) from him.2
2.He s al- Nu’man b. Thabit. He s the Imam of the second doctrine of the SunnTs. Also he studied under al- Sadiq, peace be on him. The Hanfy is attributed to him. We will tell you about him in the chapter: The Companions of Al- Sadiq, peace be on him.

Then Abu Hanifa said: “Isn’t the most knowledgeable of men most knowledgeable of them in the difference of men.”’

Al- Manstlr, who s displeased with Abu Abd Allah (peace be on him), sometimes said the tth when he mentioned or met him:” This suffocation (of mortification) (i.e. al- Sa7diq) in my throats is the most knowledgeable of men in his time.[1]

And he is among those who nt the Hereafter, not the life in this world.’[1] Certainly, every house of prophethood has a traditionalist and, today, our traditionalist is Ja’far b. Mohammed.”[3] “Addressing al- Sâdiq, peace be on him, al- Mansür said:” We are still dip out from your sea,"[4] we draw near to you, make (people) are of blindness (ignorance), and you make the difficulties clear with your light (knowledge). So, we float on the clouds of your holiness and the flood of your sea, And he said to his chamberlain:” And these are among the sons of Fatima. No one ignores their right but the ignorant who have no luck in the Islamic Law.”[5]

Isma’il b. ‘Ali b. Abd Allah b. al- ‘Abbâs said:” One day, I came to Abu Ja’far al- MansUr (and saw that) his beard had become wet because of the tears. He said to me:’ Haven’t you known what has happened to your family?’ So, I said:’ What has happened, 0 AmTr al- Mu’minin?’ He said:’ Indeed, their chief and scholar and the rest of the good ones of them passed ay.’ So, I said:’ Who is it?’ He said:’ Ja’far b. Mohammed.’
So, I said:’ May Allah make the ard of Amir al- Mu’minin great and prolong his lasting for us.’

So, he said to me:’ Surely, Ja’far s among those about whom Allah said:’ Then We gave the Book for an inheritance to those whom We chose from among Our servants.”[6] He s among those whom Allah chose. And he s among those who were the first to do good.”[7]

Moreover, the infidels, in spite of their infidelity and enmity tords Islam and Muslims, honored him and acknowledged his abundant knowledge and his holy spiritual qualities and talents. Those infidels were b. al- Muqaffa’, b. Abu aI- ‘Aujá’, al- Daysany, and the like. (For example), b. al- Muqaffa’ said:” Do you see this creation? And he made a sign with his own hand to the place of the taf (going around the Ka’ba as a ritual act of the hajj.). No one of them is worthier of the name of humanity than that sitting Shaykh (i.e. al- Sádiq, peace be on him.). Ibin Abu al- ‘Auja’ said:” This is not a human being.
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1.Al- Mas’udy, Al- Wasiyah.
2.Kashif Al- Ghuma: 2/209.
3.Al- Kafc: 1/475.
4.Bihar Al- Anr:47/l99
5.Ibin Tauws, Muhaj Al- Da’at, p.1 92. Bihar Al- Anr: 47/199.
6.Koran, 35,32.
7.Tgrtkh Al- Ya’qtlby: 3/117.

Though he is spiritual in this world, he becomes incarnate if he wishes and becomes internally spiritual if he wishes. So, he is this, namely al- Sâdiq, peace be on him.”[1]
When b. Abu al- ‘Auja’ asked one of the Companions of al- Sâdiq, peace be on him, then the companion brought him the answer after awhile and he (b. Abu al- ‘Aujâ’) approved it, he said:” This (the answer) has been brought from Hijaz.”

Al- Daisany adopted the same manner for the Companions of al- Sâdiq (peace be on him), who brought him his answer.

This is a drop of rain of what the righteous people reported concerning al- Sadiq, peace be on him, though they lived in different countries and times, and had different tastes and ideas. I (the author) have mentioned these ideas before discussing the detailed life of al- Sâdiq to give you a general picture about this remarkable figure, because these words, though brief, tell the reader about the outstanding merits and sciences of al- Sadiq, peace be on him.
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Al- Kafi: 1/74.

Taken From : Imam Al-Sadiq By Shaykh Mohammed al-Husayn al-Muzaffar , Translator : Jasim al-Rasheed

[محـب الحسين]

سلام الله عليه
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