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مشاهدة النسخة كاملة : the process of invention


شيعيه والفخر ليه
15-05-2009, 10:44 AM
The process of invention
Invention is a highly creative process (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_process).
“Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi), Nobel Prize (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize) 1937 [2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-1)
Invention is an evolutionary act which leads to an outcome that is outside of the norm; norm meaning what is known, thus yielding, creation. -Jonathan O'Neill Barnes- Apr. 19, 2009.
"Make a better mousetrap, and the world will beat a path to your door." -Ralph Waldo Emerson [3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-2)
An open curious mind enables one to see beyond what is known. Inventors think outside of the box (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_outside_of_the_box). "Hell, there are no rules here — we're trying to accomplish something new." Thomas A. Edison (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison) [4] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-3) Seeing a new possibility, a new connection or relationship can spark invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves combining elements from different realms that would not normally be put together. Inventors skip over the boundaries between distinctly separate territories or fields. Ways of thinking, materials, processes or tools from one realm are used as nobody had ever imagined in a different realm. This is how Cubism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism), one of the most revolutionary innovations in art was invented. Taking ideas from primitive culture, Pablo Picasso (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso) and Georges Braque (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Braque) reinvented art in the civilized world.[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-4)
Play (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_(activity)) can lead to invention. Childhood curiosity, experimentation and imagination can develop into a play instinct that is an inner need according to Carl Jung (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung). Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, to explore, and this internal drive brings about novel creations.[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-5) Inventing comes straight from the heart, it's a passion. “I never did a day's work in my life, it was all fun.” Thomas A. Edison. Inventing can also be an obsession. [7] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-6)
To invent is to see anew. “To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old questions from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance.”[8] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-7) “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” Albert Einstein (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein)[9] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-8) Inventors often envision a new idea, seeing it in their mind. New ideas can come when the conscious mind turns away from the subject or problem, when the focus is on something else, while relaxing or sleeping. A novel idea may come in a flash - Eureka (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka)! For example, after years of working to figure out the general theory of relativity, the solution came to Einstein suddenly in a dream “like a giant die making an indelible impress, a huge map of the universe outlined itself in one clear vision.”[10] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-9)
Inventing also takes insight. It may begin with questions, doubt or a hunch. It may begin by recognizing that something unusual or accidental may be useful or that it opens a new avenue for exploration. For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding a thousand times too much catalyst led scientists to explore its metal-like properties, inventing electrically conductive plastic and light emitting plastic - invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and is innovating lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more (see conductive polymer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductive_polymer), and organic light-emitting diode (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode) or PLED (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLED)). [11] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-10)
Inventing is often an exploratory process, full of risk, with an outcome that is uncertain or unknown. There are failures as well as successes. “If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?” Einstein[12] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-11) Inspiration can start the process, but no matter how complete the initial idea, inventions typically have to be developed. Inventors believe in their ideas and they do not give up in the face of one or many failures. Their perseverance, confidence and passion is famous. “If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward.” Edison. [13] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-12)
Inventors want to satisfy a need, they try to solve a problem or make something better, asking what if or, wouldn't it be great if. Inventors may for example, try to improve something by making it more effective, healthier, faster, more efficient, easier to use, serve more purposes, longer lasting, cheaper, more ecologically (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological) friendly, or aesthetically (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetic) different, e.g., lighter weight, more ergonomic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomic), structurally different, with new light or color properties, etc.[14] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-13) Or an entirely new invention may be created like the Internet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet), email (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email), the telephone (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone) or electric light (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_light). Necessity may be the mother of invention, or invention may be the mother of necessity. Nobody needed a phonograph before Edision invented it, the need for it developed afterwards. Likewise, few ever imagined the telephone or the airplane prior to their invention, but many people cannot live without these inventions now.[15] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-14)
The idea for an invention may be developed on paper or on a computer, by writing or drawing, by trial and error (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_and_error), by making models, by experimenting (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment), by testing and/or by making the invention in its whole form. As the dialogue between Picasso and Braque brought about Cubism, collaboration has spawned many inventions. Brainstorming can spark new ideas. Collaborative creative processes are frequently used by designers, architects and scientists. Co-inventors are frequently named on patents. Now it is easier than ever for people in different locations to collaborate. Many inventors keep records (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor%27s_notebook) of their working process - notebooks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventor%27s_notebook), photos, etc., including Leonardo da Vinci (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci), Thomas Jefferson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson) and Albert Einstein.[16] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-15) In the process of developing an invention, the initial idea may change. The invention may become simpler, more practical, it may expand, or it may even morph into something totally different. Working on one invention can lead to others too. There is only one country in the world that will grant patent rights for an invention that continues part of an invention in a previously filed patent, the United States.
The creation of an invention and its use can be effected by practical considerations. Some inventions are not created in the order that enables them to be most useful. For example, the parachute (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute) was invented before powered flight (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight).[17] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-16) There are inventions that are too expensive to produce and inventions that require scientific advancements that have not yet occurred.[18] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-17) These barriers can erode or disappear as the economic situation changes or as science develops. But history shows that turning an invention that is only an idea into reality can take any amount of time, even centuries as demonstrated by inventions originally conceived by Leonardo da Vinci (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci) which are now in physical form and commonplace in our lives.[19] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-18) Interestingly, some invention that exists as only an idea and has never been made in reality can obtain patent protection.[20] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-19)
An invention can serve many purposes, these purposes might differ significantly and they may change over time. An invention or a further developed version of it may serve purposes never envisioned by its original inventor(s) or even by others living at the time of its original invention. As an example, consider all the kinds of plastic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic) developed, their innumerable uses, and the tremendous growth this material invention is still undergoing today.[21] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention#cite_note-20)

:: بحر ::
16-05-2009, 06:37 PM
sweetheart thanks a lot