تويت
He
s born in Medina on a Friday or Thursday, on the 11th of Dhu al-Hijjah, or in the month of Dhu al-Qa’dah, or Rabi' al-Awl—according to varying narrations—in the year 153 or 148 AH (After Hijrah). This s either the year in which his grandfather Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) passed ay or five years after that.He passed a
y on a Friday or Monday, at the end of the month of Safar, or on the 17th or 21st of Ramadan, or on the 18th of Jumada al-Awl, or the 23rd or end of Dhu al-Qa’dah, in the year 203 AH, or in 206 or 202 AH. Al-Saduq, in Uyoon Akhbar al-Ridha, reported that the correct date is the 21st of Ramadan, on a Friday, in 203 AH. He passed ay in Tus, in the land of Khorasan, in a village called Sanabad in the district of Nawqan.His age at the time of death
s 48, 47, 50, 51, or 57 years and 49 or 79 days—or with an additional 9 months or 6 months and 10 days—depending on the differences in birth and death dates.He lived with his father for 24 years and some months, as stated in Matalib al-Su’ool, or 25 years minus two months, according to Ibn al-Khashshab. Most likely, his age when his father passed a
y s either 35 years or 29 years and two months. He remained as Imam after his father Imam Musa ibn Ja’far for 25 years, as stated in Matalib al-Su’ool, though al-Irshad suggests 20 years, which is considered more accurate. This s the duration of his imamate and leadership.During this time, Ha
n al-Rashid led for another ten years and 25 days, after which his son al-Amin s deposed and his uncle Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi led for 24 days. Then al-Ma'mun (Abdullah ibn Han) took over, ling for 20 years. Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him) s martyred five to eight years into al-Ma’mun’s le.His Mother:
According to Matalib al-Su’ool, his mother
s a concubine named al-Khayzuran al-Marsiyyah; some say she s blonde Nubian, others say her name s Ar with the nickname Shaqra’. Al-Tabarsi, in I’lam al-Wara, said her name s Umm al-Banin, also known as Najma, or Sakan al-Nubiyyah, or Taktam. Al-Hakim Abu Ali, citing al-Suli, said the poet referred to her as Taktam in praise of Imam al-Ridha:"Indeed, the best of people in soul and ancestry,
Lineage and forefathers is Ali the revered.
Hes brought to us as the eighth Imam,
A proof of God through Taktam."
Lineage and forefathers is Ali the revered.
He
s brought to us as the eighth Imam,A proof of God through Taktam."
Abu Bakr said some attributed this poem to Imam al-Ridha's uncle, but he did not confirm or deny it, as he did not personally hear it. “Taktam” is a known female name in Arab poetry. His Kunya (Honorific Title):
His most famous kunya
s Abu al-Hasan. Among narrators and scholars of hadith, he s known as Abu al-Hasan al-Thani (the second). Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani in Maqatil al-Talibiyyin suggested he may also have been known as Abu Bakr, though this s likely used among the general public or imposed by al-Ma’mun for political reasons. His Titles:According to Matalib al-Su’ool, he had many titles: al-Ridha, al-Sabir (the Patient), al-Radhi (the Content), and al-Wafi (the Loyal), with al-Ridha being the most famous. Fusool al-Muhimma mentions al-Zaki and al-Wali as well. Ibn Shahraashub, in al-Manaqib, narrated from Ahmad al-Bazanti that he
s called al-Ridha because he s pleasing to God in the heavens and to the Messenger and Imams on earth. His Ring Inscription:- In Fusool al-Muhimma: "Hasbi Allah" (God is sufficient for me).
- In al-Kafi: "Ma sha’ Allah, la quwta illa billah" (What God wills, there is no power but with God).
- In Uyoon Akhbar al-Ridha: "Waliyyi Allah" (My Guardian is God).
Among his poets were Di'bal al-Khuza’i, Abu Nu
s, and Ibrahim ibn al-Abbas al-Suli. His Children:According to Matalib al-Su’ool, he had six children: five sons and one daughter—Muhammad al-Qani, al-Hasan, Ja’far, Ibrahim, al-Hasan, and ‘A’isha. Some sources mention only his son Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ja
d.Al-Irshad by al-Mufid and I’lam al-Wara by al-Tabarsi both state he had no children except Muhammad.
Some hadiths strengthen the claim that he had two sons, while others suggest he had a daughter named Fatimah, not ‘A’isha. His Virtues and Merits:
They are numerous, extensively detailed in historical and hadith sources. Al-Yafi’i in Mir’at al-Jinan said: “In 203 AH, the great and revered Imam Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Musa al-Kazim, one of the twelve Imams of the Shia, passed a
y.” 1. Knowledge:
Ibrahim ibn al-Abbas said: “I never saw al-Ridha asked a question he couldn’t answer, nor anyone more knowledgeable than him.” Al-Ma’mun tested him frequently, and he al
ys answered with references to the Qur'an. Abu al-Salt al-Harawi narrated that no one saw him without acknowledging his superior knowledge. It is said he answered 18,000 questions.2. Forbearance:
When al-Ma’mun imprisoned al-Juludi for opposing the Imam’s succession, the Imam interceded to save him, despite al-Juludi’s past crimes. Al-Ma’mun rejected the intercession, and al-Juludi
s executed.3. Humility:
He would sit with his servants, including doorkeepers and grooms. He ate with them and treated them kindly. He once refused to separate his Black servants from others during a meal, saying, “The Lord is one, the mother is one, the father is one, and the
ard is according to deeds.” 4. Excellent Character:
He never inter
pted anyone or spoke harshly. He never refused a favor he could fulfill, nor s he seen laughing loudly—only smiling. He avoided offending or belittling others and gave generously without expecting recognition.5. Generosity:
He once gave 200 dinars to a man in need through a hidden door to avoid humiliating him. He frequently gave charity at night in secret. On the Day of Arafah, he distributed his entire wealth in Khurasan.
6. Respect and Awe:
When he went to lead Eid prayer in Marw, even soldiers dismounted and
lked barefoot out of reverence. When soldiers stormed al-Ma’mun’s house to revolt, the Imam calmed them with a gesture. His Personality:Ibrahim ibn al-Abbas said: “I never saw anyone more virtuous than al-Ridha. He
s extremely pious, generous, and knowledgeable.” He recited the Qur'an every three days and reflected deeply on every verse. He wore coarse clothes at home and adorned himself only in public. He s fgal, charitable, and never sted food.In Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, it’s mentioned he
s among the scholars and nobles of Banu Hashim. Al-Hakim in Tarikh Naysabur said he issued fats in the Prophet’s Mosque at age 25.
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