تويت
The Anniversary of the Martyrdom of Imam Muhammad al-Ja
d (Peace Be Upon Him)Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ja
d (peace be upon him) s the ninth of the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) designated — by the command of Almighty God — to assume the duties of Imamate and leadership after him, after the Qur’an affirmed their infallibility and the noble Sunnah confirmed it through numerous narrations.Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ja
d s born in the year 195 AH, the same year in which al-Ma'mun al-Abbasi assumed the caliphate. He lived under the care of his father, Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him), for approximately seven years and witnessed the events surrounding his father’s appointment as crown prince.1. His Lineage
Imam Muhammad al-Ja
d (peace be upon him) belonged to the noble Prophetic family, the most honored and exalted family known to humanity. He s the son of Imam Ali al-Ridha, son of Imam Musa al-Kadhim, son of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, son of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, son of Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin, son of Imam al-Husayn, the grandson of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and son of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon them all).2. His Mother
His mother
s from the family of Maria al-Qibtiyya. She s Nubian, known as Sabika, Rayhana, or Durra, and Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him) named her Khayzuran.The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) described her as one of the best and purest maidservants. Imam al-Askari (peace be upon him) said:
“She s created pure and purified. She s Umm Walad, known as Umm al-Jad and Umm al-Hasan, and she s among the finest women of her time.”
s created pure and purified. She s Umm Walad, known as Umm al-Jad and Umm al-Hasan, and she s among the finest women of her time.”3. His Birth
He (peace be upon him)
s born in Medina during the month of Ramadan in the year 195 AH, on the seventeenth night of the month.Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him)
s overwhelmed with joy at the birth of his blessed son and said:“A son has been born to me resembling Musa ibn عمران, the splitter of seas, and resembling Isa ibn Maryam. Blessed and sanctified is the mother who bore him.”
4. His Kunya
His kunyah
s Abu Ja'far, the same as his grandfather Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him). To distinguish between them, he s referred to as Abu Ja'far al-Thani (the Second).5. His Titles
His honorable titles reflected the greatness of his character and the nobility of his essence:
- Al-Jad (The Generous): due to his immense generosity and kindness tord people.
- Al-Taqi (The Pious): because of his deep piety, devotion to God, and avoidance of worldly temptations.
- Al-Murtadha
- Al-Qani'
- Al-Radhi
- Al-Mukhtar
- Bab al-Murad (The Gate of Fulfillment)
The in******ion on his ring demonstrated his complete devotion to Almighty God:
“Honor belongs to Allah.”
He assumed the position of Imamate while only seven years old, and this should not be surprising, for Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, peace be upon him)
s granted prophethood while still in the cradle. 6. Speaking in the Cradle
Historians narrated that Imam al-Ja
d (peace be upon him) testified to the two declarations of faith immediately after his birth. On the third day after his birth, he praised Allah and sent blessings upon the Prophet and the righteous Imams.Hakima, daughter of Musa ibn Ja'far al-Kadhim (peace be upon them), narrated:
“When the mother of Abu Ja'far al-Jad became pregnant with him, I wrote to Imam al-Ridha informing him that his servant Sabika s expecting. He replied: ‘She conceived at such-and-such an hour, on such-and-such a day and month. When she gives birth, stay with her for seven days.’
When hes born and placed upon the ground, he said: ‘I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.’
On the third day, he sneezed and said: ‘Praise be to Allah, and may Allah bless Muhammad and the righteous Imams.’”
d became pregnant with him, I wrote to Imam al-Ridha informing him that his servant Sabika s expecting. He replied: ‘She conceived at such-and-such an hour, on such-and-such a day and month. When she gives birth, stay with her for seven days.’When he
s born and placed upon the ground, he said: ‘I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.’On the third day, he sneezed and said: ‘Praise be to Allah, and may Allah bless Muhammad and the righteous Imams.’”
History proved through this early Imamate the t
th of the Twelver Shi'a belief that Imamate is a divine position granted by Allah to whomever He wills among those possessing complete virtues in every age. Despite his young age, Imam al-Jad (peace be upon him) challenged the greatest scholars of his era and surpassed them with the knowledge and wisdom Allah bestowed upon him.Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him) described his son al-Ja
d by saying:“By Allah, the days and nights will not pass until Allah grants me a son through whom tth will be distinguished from falsehood.”
th will be distinguished from falsehood.”He also said:
“This is Abu Ja'far. I have seated him in my place and appointed him as my successor.”
And he said to Saf
n ibn Yahya:“Abu Ja'far s divinely inspired.”
s divinely inspired.”Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ammar narrated:
“Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ridha entered the Mosque of the Prophet, and Ali ibn Ja'far (the uncle of Imam al-Ridha) stood up barefoot and without his cloak, kissed his hands, and honored him greatly. Abu Ja'far said to him: ‘Uncle, sit down, may Allah have mercy on you.’
Ali ibn Ja'far replied: ‘My master, how can I sit while you are standing?’”
Ali ibn Ja'far replied: ‘My master, how can I sit while you are standing?’”
When Ali ibn Ja'far returned to his companions, they reproached him saying:
“You are his father’s uncle, yet you treat him in this manner?”
He replied:
“Be silent! If Allah has not deemed this old man worthy but has chosen this young man and granted him this position, should I deny his virtue? I seek refuge in Allah from what you say. Rather, I am his servant.”
Shaykh al-Mufid said:
“Al-Ma'mun became deeply attached to Abu Ja'far because of the excellence he witnessed in him despite his young age — his knowledge, wisdom, manners, and intellect surpassed all the elders of the time. Therefore, he married his daughter Umm al-Fadl to him and took her with him to Medina, honoring and revering him greatly.”
When al-Ma'mun decided to marry his daughter to Imam al-Ja
d (peace be upon him), the Abbasids objected. Al-Ma'mun replied:“As for Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali, I have chosen him because of his superiority over all people of virtue in knowledge and excellence despite his young age. Woe to you! I know this young man better than you. He belongs to a household whose knowledge comes directly from Allah.”
Al-Dhahabi said:
“Muhammad s called al-Jad, al-Qani', and al-Murtadha. He s among the noble leaders of the Prophet’s family and s known for his generosity, hence the title al-Jad.”
s called al-Jad, al-Qani', and al-Murtadha. He s among the noble leaders of the Prophet’s family and s known for his generosity, hence the title al-Jad.”Ibn al-Sabbagh al-Maliki wrote:
“He s the ninth Imam… known as Abu Ja'far al-Thani. Though young in age, he s immense in status and reputation, carrying the Imamate after Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha by explicit designation from his father.”
s the ninth Imam… known as Abu Ja'far al-Thani. Though young in age, he s immense in status and reputation, carrying the Imamate after Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha by explicit designation from his father.”Imam al-Ja
d (peace be upon him) s among the most devout worshippers of his time, the most loving tord Allah, and the most sincere in obedience and worship, following the path of the pure Imams from his forefathers. His Martyrdom
After al-Mu'tasim al-Abbasi, the brother of al-Ma'mun, assumed the caliphate following the end of al-Ma'mun’s
le in 218 AH, he closely monitored Imam al-Jad’s social and political activities and eventually arranged for his assassination through Umm al-Fadl, the daughter of al-Ma'mun and wife of Imam al-Jad, who had no children with him.This occurred in the year 220 AH. Thus, al-Mu'tasim eliminated one of the greatest symbols of the Hashimite line, Imam Muhammad al-Taqi Abu Ja'far al-Ja
d (peace be upon him).The short life of this oppressed Imam can therefore be divided into two sections and three stages:
First Section
His life during his father’s lifetime, approximately seven years.
Second Section
His life after the martyrdom of his father until his own martyrdom, around seventeen years.
First Stage
Seven years during the life of his father Imam al-Ridha (peace be upon him), from his birth in 195 AH until the martyrdom of Imam al-Ridha in 203 AH. Second Stage
Fifteen years during the remaining
le of al-Ma'mun, from 203 AH to 218 AH.Third Stage
Approximately two years during the
le of al-Mu'tasim, from 218 AH to 220 AH.The period Imam al-Ja
d (peace be upon him) spent under al-Mu'tasim’s le s brief and ended with his martyrdom at the hands of the corpt regime.Al-Mu'tasim feared the Imam’s presence in Medina, so he summoned him to Baghdad to keep him under strict surveillance. Imam al-Ja
d arrived in Baghdad during the final nights of Muharram in the year 220 AH and s martyred there at the end of Dhu al-Qa'dah in the same year.Peace be upon him the day he
s born, the day he s martyred, and the day he shall be resurrected alive.A‘lam al-Hidayah / Vol. 11 (adapted)
Prepared by: Sheikh Abdul Hussein al-Akhund
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